Alauddin Khilji was the most powerful ruler of the Khilji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He ruled from 1296 to 1316 CE and is remembered for his strong administration, market reforms and wide conquests. He is a popular figure in medieval history questions.
Rise to Power
Alauddin Khilji came to power in 1296 after killing his uncle and father-in-law Jalal-ud-din Khilji. He was an ambitious ruler who wanted to expand his empire and is said to have taken the title Sikander-i-Sani (Second Alexander).
Market Reforms
Alauddin Khilji is most famous for his market (price) control reforms. He fixed the prices of essential goods to keep them cheap and stable. He set up separate markets for grain, cloth and other goods, and appointed officers to check prices. These reforms helped him maintain a large army at low cost.
Military Conquests
He conquered many regions including Gujarat, Ranthambore, Chittor, Malwa and Devagiri. His general Malik Kafur led successful expeditions into the Deccan and South India, bringing back great wealth. Alauddin also successfully defended India against repeated Mongol invasions.
Administration
He maintained a large standing army and introduced the system of Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (description of soldiers) to prevent fraud. He kept strong control over nobles and is known for centralised rule.
Quick Revision Points
- Alauddin Khilji ruled from 1296 to 1316.
- Famous for market price control reforms.
- General Malik Kafur led South Indian campaigns.
- Introduced Dagh and Chehra for the army.
- Successfully checked Mongol invasions.
- Conquered Gujarat, Chittor and Devagiri.
- Took the title Sikander-i-Sani.