The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional body that conducts free and fair elections. It manages elections to Parliament, state legislatures, and the offices of the President and Vice-President. It is provided for under Article 324.
Establishment
The Election Commission was established on 25 January 1950. This day is now celebrated as National Voters' Day. The ECI is a permanent body with a national-level role.
Composition
- It has a Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners.
- It became a three-member body in 1993.
- Members are appointed by the President.
- They hold office for six years or until the age of 65 years.
- The CEC can be removed only like a Supreme Court judge.
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Functions of the ECI
- Prepares and revises electoral rolls.
- Conducts elections to Parliament and state legislatures.
- Grants recognition to political parties and allots symbols.
- Enforces the Model Code of Conduct.
- Conducts the election of the President and Vice-President.
Independence of the ECI
The Constitution ensures the independence of the Election Commission. The CEC has security of tenure and cannot be removed easily. This helps the ECI conduct elections without pressure from the government.
Quick Revision Points
- The ECI is provided under Article 324.
- Established on 25 January 1950.
- Became a three-member body in 1993.
- Members serve for 6 years or until 65 years.
- Enforces the Model Code of Conduct.
- Sukumar Sen was the first Chief Election Commissioner.
- National Voters' Day is on 25 January.