The Gupta Empire ruled much of northern India from about the 4th to 6th century CE. This period is often called the Golden Age of India because of great progress in science, art, literature and trade. It is a frequently asked topic in exams.
Founders and Rulers
The empire was founded by Sri Gupta, but the real founder was Chandragupta I, who took the title Maharajadhiraja. His son Samudragupta was a great conqueror, called the Napoleon of India by historian V. A. Smith. The Allahabad Pillar inscription by Harisena describes his conquests.
Chandragupta II
Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) was the most famous Gupta king. He defeated the Shakas and his court had the Navaratnas (nine gems), including the poet Kalidasa. The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien visited India during his reign.
Science and Achievements
Great scholars lived in this period. Aryabhata wrote the Aryabhatiya and explained the rotation of the Earth. Varahamihira worked in astronomy, and Brahmagupta contributed to mathematics. The decimal system and the concept of zero developed in this age. The Iron Pillar at Delhi shows their skill in metallurgy.
Art and Literature
Gupta art reached great heights. The paintings of Ajanta caves and many temples belong to this period. Kalidasa wrote famous works like Abhijnanasakuntalam and Meghaduta.
Quick Revision Points
- Gupta period is called the Golden Age of India.
- Samudragupta is the Napoleon of India.
- Chandragupta II took the title Vikramaditya.
- Fa-Hien visited during Chandragupta II's reign.
- Aryabhata wrote the Aryabhatiya.
- Concept of zero and the decimal system developed.
- Kalidasa was a Navaratna in the court.