The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was a major turning point in the freedom struggle. It led to the Swadeshi Movement, which promoted Indian goods and the boycott of British products. This topic is important for modern history sections in exams.
Why Bengal Was Partitioned
Bengal was a large province. Lord Curzon divided it on 16 October 1905, claiming it was for better administration. The real aim was to divide Hindus and Muslims and weaken the growing nationalist movement in Bengal.
The Swadeshi Movement
The partition caused widespread anger. People launched the Swadeshi Movement, using only Indian-made goods and boycotting British cloth and items.
- Swadeshi meant using goods produced in one's own country.
- Boycott meant refusing to buy British products.
- The song Bande Mataram became a national slogan.
Leaders of the Movement
Many leaders supported the movement, including Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal (together called Lal-Bal-Pal) and Aurobindo Ghosh. The movement also encouraged national education and Indian industries.
Outcome of the Partition
Due to strong protests, the British annulled the Partition of Bengal in 1911. In the same year, the capital was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
Quick Revision Points
- Bengal partitioned on 16 October 1905 by Lord Curzon.
- It led to the Swadeshi Movement.
- Swadeshi promoted Indian goods; boycott rejected British goods.
- Lal-Bal-Pal were leading figures.
- Slogan and song: Bande Mataram.
- Partition annulled in 1911.
- Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911.