The Quit India Movement was the last major mass movement of the freedom struggle. It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in August 1942 and demanded an immediate end to British rule. It is also called the August Movement or August Kranti.
Causes of the Movement
- The failure of the Cripps Mission (1942), which did not promise full independence.
- Anger over India being dragged into the Second World War without consent.
- Rising prices and hardship during the war.
Launch of the Movement
The Congress passed the Quit India Resolution at the Bombay Session on 8 August 1942. Gandhi gave the famous slogan Do or Die, asking Indians to either free India or die trying, while staying non-violent.
British Response
The British arrested Gandhi and other top leaders on 9 August 1942. With leaders in jail, the movement became spontaneous and at places violent. People attacked railways, post offices and government buildings. Parallel governments were set up at places like Ballia, Satara and Tamluk.
Importance and Outcome
Though the movement was crushed by 1944, it proved that Indians wanted nothing less than full freedom. It strengthened the demand for independence and prepared the ground for freedom in 1947.
Quick Revision Points
- Quit India Movement launched in August 1942.
- Slogan: Do or Die, given by Gandhi.
- Quit India Resolution passed on 8 August 1942 in Bombay.
- Leaders arrested on 9 August 1942.
- Also called August Kranti.
- Parallel governments at Satara, Tamluk and Ballia.
- Last major mass movement before independence.