The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and the final court of appeal. It is the guardian of the Constitution and protector of Fundamental Rights. The provisions are given in Articles 124 to 147. The Supreme Court was set up on 28 January 1950.
Composition
The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and other judges. The current sanctioned strength is 34 judges including the CJI. Judges are appointed by the President through the collegium system.
Eligibility of Judges
- Must be a citizen of India.
- Must have been a judge of a High Court for 5 years, or
- An advocate of a High Court for 10 years, or
- A distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
- Judges hold office until the age of 65 years.
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Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- Original Jurisdiction – disputes between the Centre and States.
- Appellate Jurisdiction – appeals against High Court decisions.
- Advisory Jurisdiction – advises the President under Article 143.
- Writ Jurisdiction – issues writs under Article 32 to protect rights.
Judicial Review
The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review. It can declare any law or executive order unconstitutional if it violates the Constitution. This power keeps the legislature and executive within their limits.
Quick Revision Points
- Supreme Court is covered under Articles 124-147.
- Established on 28 January 1950.
- Current strength is 34 judges including the CJI.
- Judges retire at the age of 65 years.
- Has original, appellate, advisory and writ jurisdiction.
- Issues writs under Article 32.
- Has the power of judicial review.